Metromedia, Inc.

Type	Public and private
Industry	Media
Fate	Reorganization into MetroMedia Technologies [38]
Founded	1956 as Metropolitan Broadcasting Corp.
Headquarters	New York City
Area served	United States
Key people	John W. Kluge, founder/chairman/CEO
Products	television, radio, entertainment, advertising
Parent	Metromedia

Metromedia (also often MetroMedia) was a media company that owned radio and television stations in the United States from 1956 to 1986 and owned Orion Pictures from 1986-1997.

History [edit]

Origins [edit]

The company arose from the ashes of the DuMont Television Network, the world's first commercial television network.^[1] By 1955, DuMont realized it could not compete against CBS, NBC and a revived ABC, and decided to shut down network operations. Soon after DuMont formally shut down network operations in 1956, it spun off its two remaining owned and operated stations, WABD in New York City and WTTG in Washington, D.C., to shareholders as the DuMont Broadcasting Corporation.^[2][3] The company's headquarters were co-located with WABD in the former DuMont Tele-Centre (which was later renamed the Metromedia Telecenter) in New York.

In 1957, DuMont Broadcasting purchased two New York area radio stations, WNEW (now WBBR)^[4] and WHFI (later WNEW-FM and WWFS),^[5][6] and later that year changed its name to the Metropolitan Broadcasting Corporation to distance itself from its former parent company.^[7] The following year Paramount Pictures, an indirect player in the failure of the DuMont network, sold its shares in Metropolitan Broadcasting to Washington-based investor John Kluge, who became the company's chairman and later gained a 75-percent controlling interest.^[8] WABD's call letters were later changed to WNEW-TV to match its new radio sisters.^[9]

Expansion [edit]

1970s logo for WTCN-TV (now KARE) in Minneapolis, which included the corporate logo for Metromedia; this logo was also used by KTTV in Los Angeles

Metropolitan's first acquisitions included WHK-AM-FM in Cleveland (in 1958);^[10] the Foster & Kleiser outdoor advertising firm^[11] (in 1959); and KOVR in Stockton, California, WIP-AM-FM in Philadelphia, WTVH-TV (now WHOI) in Peoria, Illinois, and WTVP television (now WAND) in Decatur, Illinois (all in 1960).^[12][13] In 1961 Metropolitan purchased KMBC-AM-TV in Kansas City, Missouri.^[14] Later that year the company's name was changed to Metromedia;^[15] the Metropolitan Broadcasting name was retained for its broadcasting division until 1967.^[16]

In separate 1963 deals the company expanded into Los Angeles, buying first KTTV^[17] and later KLAC and the original KLAC-FM (now KIIS-FM).^[18] The company would later engineer a swap of FM facilities; the second KLAC-FM (later KMET and now KTWV) was established in 1965.^[19] Metromedia also entered the realm of live entertainment by purchasing the Ice Capades (in 1963)^[20] and the Harlem Globetrotters (in 1967).^[21] Later in the decade Metromedia opened a television production center in Los Angeles, known as Metromedia Square, which served as the studio facility for numerous network programs. Metromedia also owned a TV production and distribution company called Metromedia Producers Corporation (MPC), established in 1968 from Wolper Productions. MPC produced and syndicated various programs and TV movies, most notably the game show Truth or Consequences and the 1972-86 version of The Merv Griffin Show. Metromedia spent the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s increasing its television and radio station portfolio, and continued to expand its syndication business.

Metromedia entered the record business in 1969 when they launched the Metromedia Records label, whose biggest-selling artist was Bobby Sherman. The label was also notable as having issued the first two studio albums of Peter Allen, Peter Allen (1971) and Tenterfield Saddler (1972).^[22] The label was closed as of 1974. Allen's Tenterfield Saddler, the title song of which has become an Australian standard, was acquired and reissued by A&M Records in 1978.^[23]

In 1976, Metromedia teamed up with Ogilvy and Mather for a proposed linking of independent TV stations called MetroNet. The proposed programming would consist of several Sunday night family dramas, on weeknights a half-hour serial and a gothic series similar to Dark Shadows, and on Saturdays a variety program hosted by Charo. The plans for MetroNet failed when advertisers balked at Metromedia's advertising rate, which was only slightly lower than the Big Three's and low national coverage, leaving for Operation Prime Time.^[24]

In 1982, Metromedia made its biggest broadcasting purchase when it acquired WCVB-TV in Boston for $220 million, which at the time was the largest amount ever spent on a single television station property.^[25] Two years later, John Kluge bought out Metromedia's shareholders and took the company private.^[26]

1985-86 divestitures [edit]

On May 6, 1985, Kluge announced the sale of Metromedia's television stations, and Metromedia Producers Corp., to the News Corporation (owned by Australian newspaper publisher Rupert Murdoch) and 20th Century Fox Film Corporation (owned jointly by Murdoch and Marvin Davis) for $3.5 billion. With the exception of WCVB-TV (which was subsequently sold to the Hearst Corporation), all of the former Metromedia stations formed the nucleus of the Fox Broadcasting Company, while MPC was folded into 20th Century Fox Television. The transactions became official on March 6, 1986.^[27] Kluge also sold Metromedia's outdoor advertising firm, the Harlem Globetrotters, and the Ice Capades in that same year, and spun off the radio stations into a separate company (which ironically took on the Metropolitan Broadcasting name) before they were sold to various other owners by the early 1990s.^{[28][29][30][31]}

Continued usage of the Metromedia name [edit]

The Metromedia name has lived on in other projects by Kluge such as the Metromedia Restaurant Group, though the ventures have been largely unrelated to television. The callsign of radio station WMMR in Philadelphia first stood for "MetroMedia Radio". Similarly, radio station WMMS in Cleveland first stood for "MetroMedia Stereo".

In early 2011, abandoned trademarks were registered with the US Department of Commerce by a midwestern businessman, combined with a large collection of the WNEW 1130 AM archive library: old shows, concerts and jingle packs, a new "Metromedia Radio" is now broadcasting on internet radio Live365.com. In 2012 working with former exectives of Metromedia and WNEW radio on air talent, the new Metromedia Radio has expanded into production of radio content for syndication across terrestrial North American stations.

Based on the common link to Metromedia, television historian Clarke Ingram claims that Fox is a direct descendant, if not a revival, of DuMont. Indeed, the former WNEW-TV, now Fox flagship WNYW, is still headquartered in the former Metromedia (and before that, DuMont) Telecenter, now known as the Fox Television Center.

Legal battles [edit]

In retaliation for a lawsuit brought by Paul Winchell, who sought the rights to his children's television program Winchell-Mahoney Time, which was produced at KTTV in Los Angeles during the middle-1960s, it is believed that KTTV management destroyed the program's video tapes. In 1989 Winchell was awarded nearly $18 million as compensation for Metromedia's capricious behavior.^[32]

In 1983, Christine Craft, a former evening news co-anchor at KMBC-TV in Kansas City, sued Metromedia on claims of fraud and sexual discrimination. After spending eight months at KMBC-TV in 1981, she was demoted to reporting assignment after a focus group study claimed Craft was "too old, too unattractive and not deferential to men" in the eyes of viewers. Craft declined the reassignment and subsequently resigned from the station. Craft initially won her case, though she lost on appeal at the U.S. Supreme Court.^{[33][34][35][36]}

Ownership of Orion Pictures [edit]

On May 22, 1986, Metromedia acquired a 6.5% stake in Orion Pictures Corporation; a movie and television studio.^[37] By December, the stake in Orion's ownership was increased to 9.3% to 12.6% and on April 12, 1988, to 44.1%^[38] On May 20, 1988, Metromedia acquired Sumner Redstone's share for $78 million, holding a majority stake in Orion Pictures worth nearly 67%. In 1996, Metromedia acquired Motion Picture Corporation of America and The Samuel Goldwyn Company. On April 11, 1997, Metromedia sold Orion/Goldwyn and MPCA to MGM for $573 million and was closed on July 10 of the same year.^[39][40] In 1998, MPCA broke apart from MGM becoming independent again.

Typeface [edit]

Beginning in 1967, Metromedia's television stations began utilizing a sans-serif font for their on-air logo. The typeface was a proprietary font called Metromedia Television Alphabet,^[16] which was as distinctive as the typeface employed by Group W for its TV and radio stations beginning in 1963. Metromedia Television Alphabet was used for the channel numbers of its television stations until 1977, when another typeface modeled slightly after the Futura family was introduced.

Former Metromedia stations [edit]

Stations are listed alphabetically by state and city of license.

Notes:
1. Two boldface asterisks appearing following a station's call letters (**) indicate a station that was built and signed-on by Metromedia or its predecessor companies;
2. This list does not include WDTV (now KDKA-TV) in Pittsburgh or KCTY in Kansas City. Although DuMont owned the two stations at some point, Metromedia never owned either of these two stations.

Television stations [edit]

Radio stations [edit]

Footnotes:
¹: The acquisition of KMBC-AM-TV also included KMOS-TV in Sedalia, Missouri, and KFRM radio in Concordia, Kansas. Both stations were subsequently spun-off by Metropolitan Broadcasting to other firms;^[41]
2: DuMont Broadcasting also acquired a construction permit for WHK-TV (channel 19) in Cleveland along with its purchase of WHK radio in 1958, but that station never signed on. The channel 19 allocation is now occupied by WOIO, which was under common ownership with WHK (Malrite Broadcasting) for a few years;
³: The acquisition of KRLD also included the Texas State Network.

Television syndication [edit]

This is a list of television programs that were produced and/or syndicated by Metromedia Producers Corporation (MPC):

This film, television or video-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it with reliably sourced additions.

• The Ann Sothern Show
• Allen Ludden's Gallery
• Charlie's Angels ^*
• The Cross-Wits
• Dusty's Trail
• Dynasty (distributor, 1985–1986)
• Family ^*
• Firehouse
• The Great Space Coaster (co-produced with Sunbow Productions)
• Groovie Goolies and Friends
• Hart to Hart ^*
• Hit Man
• The Howdy Doody Show (1976 revival series)
• Jeopardy! (original version - distributor, 1974; now distributed by CBS Television Distribution)
• Mayberry RFD (distributor; now distributed by Warner Bros. Television)
• The Merv Griffin Show (distributor/co-producer, 1972–1983 now distributed by Sony Pictures Television and owned by Merv Griffin Entertainment)
• My Favorite Martian (distributor; now distributed by Warner Bros. Television)
• National Geographic Specials (1964–71)
• Primus (1971–72)
• Queen for a Day (1969–1970)
• Small Wonder (production company, 1985–1986)
• Soul Train (syndicated by Tribune Entertainment then Trifecta Entertainment and Media)
• Starsky and Hutch ^*
• Star Search (production company, 1983–86)
• Strange Paradise
• Strike Force
• S.W.A.T. ^*
• That Girl (distributor; now distributed by CBS Television Distribution)
• Thicke of the Night (distributor; now distributed by Warner Bros. Television)
• T.J. Hooker ^*
• Too Close for Comfort
• Truth or Consequences (distributor, 1966–78)
• The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau
• Untamed World
• Vauldeville
• Vega$ (distributor; now distributed by CBS Television Distribution and owned by Spelling Television)
• Winchell-Mahoney Time
• Wonderama

^* -- MPC was the international distributor for these programs. Distribution was later transferred to 20th Century Fox Television, following Murdoch's acquisition of MPC. These programs ane now distributed worldwide by Sony Pictures Television. In the United States, Sony Pictures Television and its predecessor, Columbia Pictures Television, was always the distributor of syndicated repeats of these programs.

References [edit]

External links [edit]

• live365 [39] Metromedia Radio on Live365
• John Kluge at The Museum of Broadcast Communications
• Metromedia Producers Corporation at the Internet Movie Database
• Metromedia Productions at the Internet Movie Database
• Metromedia Television at the Internet Movie Database (Note - although three separate companies are listed on the IMDb, it should be understood that Metromedia Producers Corporation, Metromedia Productions and Metromedia Television are all different names given for the same production company.)
• New York times 1986 announcement of MetroMedia liquidation
• Metromedia station logo history from 1950s to today