Robert Serber
Robert Serber ID badge photo from Los Alamos.
Born	March 14, 1909 Philadelphia, USA
Died	June 1, 1997(1997-06-01) (aged 88) New York City
Alma mater	Lehigh University University of Wisconsin–Madison
Doctoral advisor	John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
Doctoral students	Leon Cooper
Influences	Eugene Wigner J. Robert Oppenheimer

Robert Serber (March 14, 1909 – June 1, 1997) was an American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; he was the eldest son of David Serber and Rose Frankel. He married Charlotte Leof (26 Jul 1911 – 1967) in 1933. Rose Serber died in 1922; David married Charlotte's cousin Frances Leof in 1928.

He earned his B.S. in Engineering Physics from Lehigh University in 1930, his PhD from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with John Van Vleck in 1934, after which he was initially going to begin postdoctorate work at Princeton University with Eugene Wigner. He changed his plans and went to work with J. Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California, Berkeley (and shuttled with Oppenheimer between Berkeley and the California Institute of Technology). In 1938 he took a job at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where he stayed until he was recruited for the Manhattan Project. He later became a professor and chair of the physics department at Columbia University.

He was recruited for the Manhattan Project in 1941, and was in Project Alberta on the dropping of the bomb. When the Los Alamos National Laboratory was first being organised a decision was made by Oppenheimer to not compartmentalize the technical information among different departments. This increased the effectiveness of the technical workers in problem solving, and emphasized the urgency of the project in their minds, now they knew what they were working on. So it fell to Serber to give a series of lectures explaining the basic principles and goals of the project. These lectures were printed and supplied to all incoming scientific staff, and became known as The Los Alamos Primer, LA-1. It was declassified in 1965, and is available at this Wikipedia page. Serber developed the first good theory of bomb disassembly hydrodynamics.

Serber on Tinian in 1945, just before the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Serber's wife Charlotte was appointed by Oppenheimer to head the technical library at Los Alamos National where she was the only female section leader at wartime Los Alamos.

Serber created the code-names for all three design projects, the "Little Boy" (uranium gun), "Thin Man" (plutonium gun), and "Fat Man" (plutonium implosion), according to his reminiscences (1998). The names were based on their design shapes; the "Thin Man" would be a very long device, and the name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel and series of movies of the same name; the "Fat Man" bomb would be round and fat and was named after Sidney Greenstreet's character in The Maltese Falcon (from Hammett's novel). "Little Boy" would come last and be named only to contrast to the "Thin Man" bomb. This differs from the unsupported theory, now abandoned, that "Fat Man" was named after Churchill and "Thin Man" after Roosevelt (see Links).

Serber was to go on the camera plane for the Nagasaki mission, Big Stink, but it left without him when Major Hopkins ordered him off the plane as he had forgotten his parachute, reportedly after the B-29 had already taxied onto the runway. Since Serber was the only crew member who knew how to operate the high-speed camera, Hopkins had to be instructed by radio from Tinian on its use.

Serber was with the first American team to enter Hiroshima and Nagasaki to assess the results of the atomic bombing of the two cities.

In 1947 an attempt was made on his life by anti-communist librarian Chris James Hines and in 1948, he had to defend himself against anonymous accusations of disloyalty, mostly because his wife's family were Jewish intellectuals with Socialist leanings, and also because he tried to remove politics from discussions of the feasibility of the fusion bomb, leading to arguments with Edward Teller.

Serber went on to be consultant to numerous labs, businesses and commissions.

Robert Serber is interviewed in the Oscar-nominated documentary, The Day After Trinity (1980).

Serber died June 1, 1997, at his home in Manhattan, from complications following surgery for brain cancer.^[1]

In the 1989 movie dramatization of the Manhattan Project, Fat Man and Little Boy, the role of Robert Serber is played by Dr. H. David Politzer, a professor of theoretical physics at Caltech. Politzer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2004.

References [edit]

• Hoddeson, Lillian, Paul W. Henriksen, Roger A. Meade, and Catherine L. Westfall, Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945, Cambridge, 1993
• Serber, Robert, with Robert P. Crease, Peace and War: Reminiscences of a Life on the Frontiers of Science, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), ISBN 0-231-10546-0, LoC QC16.S46A3 1998
• Serber, Robert, The Los Alamos Primer: The First Lectures on How to Build an Atomic Bomb, (University of California Press, 1992) ISBN 0-520-07576-5 Original 1943 "LA-1", declassified in 1965, plus commentary and historical introduction.
• Serber, Robert, Serber Says: About Nuclear Physics. Singapore: World Scientific, 1987.

External links [edit]

• Annotated bibliography for Robert Serber from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
• Naming of Fat Man & Thin Man after Churchill, Roosevelt?
• Oral History interview transcript with Robert Serber 26 November 1996, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
• Oral History interview transcript with Robert Serber 10 February 1967, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
• Eyewitness Account of the Trinity Test

v t e Manhattan Project Sites Clinton Engineer Works Hanford Engineer Works Oak Ridge National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Berkeley Radiation Laboratory Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory Ames Laboratory Montreal Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories Trinity Test Site Dayton Project Chicago Pile-1 X-10 Graphite Reactor Y-12 National Security Complex Administrators Vannevar Bush James Conant Thomas Farrell Leslie Groves Kenneth Nichols Robert Oppenheimer William Parsons Scientists Luis Alvarez Robert Bacher Hans Bethe Niels Bohr Norris Bradbury James Chadwick Arthur Compton Enrico Fermi Klaus Fuchs George Kistiakowsky Ernest Lawrence Mark Oliphant Bruno Rossi Emilio Segrè Glenn Seaborg Louis Slotin Leó Szilárd Edward Teller Stanislaw Ulam Harold Urey Leona Woods Operations Alsos Mission Project Alberta Silverplate 509th Composite Group Fat Man Little Boy Enola Gay Bockscar The Great Artiste Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Other articles Timeline S-1 Uranium Committee Interim Committee RaLa Experiment Smyth Report Atomic Spies Atomic Energy Act of 1946 Armed Forces Special Weapons Project Operation Crossroads Tube Alloys See also: All articles in the Manhattan Project category